An In-depth Overview of the Worldwide Efforts to Develop the COVID-19 Vaccine and Their Efficacies

Abstract

The rapid development and deployment of vaccines against COVID-19 represent a landmark achievement in modern medicine and global collaboration. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the global efforts to develop COVID-19 vaccines, highlighting various technological platforms, the role of adjuvants and delivery systems, and a comparative analysis of vaccine efficacies. In addition, a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications offers insight into research trends and future directions. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge and perspectives to inform ongoing and future vaccine strategies.