Cardıac Arrhythmıas and Magnesıum
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Submitted
February 22, 2020
Published
February 22, 2020
Keywords:
-
Magnesium, Cardiac arrhythmia
Abstract
Magnesium is one of the intracellular cations that play an essential role in many biological reactions. Intracellular magnesium is an important cofactor for various enzymes, carriers and nucleic acids required for normal cellular function, energy metabolism and replication. It is required for normal cardiac electrical activity. Magnesium deficiency can cause many disorders including cardiac arrhythmias. Intravenous magnesium has long been used in the treatment and prevention of arrhythmia since it has a high therapeutic to toxic ratio and minimal negative inotropic effect. Many studies have shown a beneficial effect of intravenous Mg administration in tachycardia attacks. But this positive effect varies according to the type of tachycardia. Especially in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and in the acute treatment of atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate ≤ 100/ min, the beneficial effects are more pronounced.
The administration of intavenous magnesium appears to be useful in the treatment and prevention of cardiac arrhythmias and is a common component of a complex antiarrhythmic treatment.
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References
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14. S. Salaminia, et al, “Evaluating the effect of magnesium supplementation and cardiac arrhythmias after acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 129, 2018.
15. A. A. Alghamdi, O. O. Al-Radi, and D. A. Latter, “Intravenous magnesium for prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Journal of Cardiac Surgery, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 293–299, 2005.
16. D. C. Burgess, M. J. Kilborn, and A. C. Keech, “Interventions for prevention of post-operative atrial fibrillation and its complications after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis,” European Heart Journal, vol. 27, no. 23, pp. 2846–2857, 2006.
17. S. Miller, et al., “Effects of magnesium on atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis,” Heart, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 618–623, 2005.
18. Sultan A., et al. 2012. Intravenous administration of magnesium and potassium solution lowers energy levels and increases success rates electrically cardioverting atrial fibrillation. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol., 23(1): 54-59. DOI: 10.1111/ j.1540-8167.2011.02146.x
19. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction--executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to revise the 1999 guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44:671.
20. Canadian Cardiovascular Society, American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Cardiology, et al. 2007 focused update of the ACC/AHA 2004 guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:210.
21. Banai S, Tzivoni D. Drug therapy for torsade de pointes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1993; 4:206.
22. S. Kaseda, R. F. Gilmour, and D. P. Zipes, “Depressant effect of magnesium on early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity induced by cesium, quinidine, and 4-aminopyridine in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers,” American Heart Journal, vol. 118, no. 3, pp. 458–466, 1989.
23. Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) Trial Investigators. Early administration of intravenous magnesium to high-risk patients with acute myocardial infarction in the Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) Trial: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360:1189.
24. S. G. Priori, C. Blomstrom-Lundqvist, A. Mazzanti et al., “2015 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death,” Europace, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 1601–1687, 2015.
2. A. A. Zheltova, et al., “Magnesium deficiency and oxidative stress: an update,” BioMedicine, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 8–14, 2016.
3. C. P. Hans, D. P. Chaudhary, and D. D. Bansal, “Magnesium deficiency increases oxidative stress in rats,” Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 1275–1279, 2002.
4. A. Kuzniar, et al., influence of hypomagnesemia on erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme defence system in mice,” Biometals, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 349–357, 2003.
5. J. Y. Wu and S. L. Lipsius, “Effects of extracellular Mg2+ on T- and L-type Ca2+ currents in single atrial myocytes,” American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, vol. 259, no. 6, pp. H1842–H1850, 1990.
6. D. L. Hwang, C. F. Yen, and J. L. Nadler, “Effect of extra- cellular magnesium on platelet activation and intracellular calcium mobilization,” American Journal of Hypertension, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 700–706, 1992.
7. V. Rukshin et al, “Comparative antithrombotic effects of magnesium sulfate and the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors tirofiban and eptifibatide in a canine model of stent thrombosis,” Circulation, vol. 105, no. 16, pp. 1970–1975, 2002.
8. J. Maier, et al., “Low magnesium promotes endothelial cell dysfunction: implications for atherosclerosis, inflammation and thrombosis,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, vol. 1689, no. 1, pp. 13–21, 2004.
9. Schimatschek HF, Rempis R. Prevalence of hypomagnesemia in an unselected German population of 16,000 individuals. Magnes Res 2001; 14:283.
10. Millane TA, Ward DE, Camm AJ. Is hypomagnesemia arrhythmogenic? Clin Cardiol 1992; 15:103.
11. Gettes LS. Electrolyte abnormalities underlying lethal and ventricular arrhythmias. Circulation 1992; 85:I70.
12. Angus M., Angus Z. Cardiovascular actions of magnesium. Crit. Care. Clin., 53: 299- 307. 2001.
13. W. H. Davis and F. Ziady, “)e effect of oral magnesium chloride therapy on the QTc and QUc intervals of the electrocardiogram,” South African Medical Journal, vol. 53, no. 15, pp. 591–593, 1978.
14. S. Salaminia, et al, “Evaluating the effect of magnesium supplementation and cardiac arrhythmias after acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 129, 2018.
15. A. A. Alghamdi, O. O. Al-Radi, and D. A. Latter, “Intravenous magnesium for prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Journal of Cardiac Surgery, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 293–299, 2005.
16. D. C. Burgess, M. J. Kilborn, and A. C. Keech, “Interventions for prevention of post-operative atrial fibrillation and its complications after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis,” European Heart Journal, vol. 27, no. 23, pp. 2846–2857, 2006.
17. S. Miller, et al., “Effects of magnesium on atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis,” Heart, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 618–623, 2005.
18. Sultan A., et al. 2012. Intravenous administration of magnesium and potassium solution lowers energy levels and increases success rates electrically cardioverting atrial fibrillation. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol., 23(1): 54-59. DOI: 10.1111/ j.1540-8167.2011.02146.x
19. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction--executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to revise the 1999 guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44:671.
20. Canadian Cardiovascular Society, American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Cardiology, et al. 2007 focused update of the ACC/AHA 2004 guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:210.
21. Banai S, Tzivoni D. Drug therapy for torsade de pointes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1993; 4:206.
22. S. Kaseda, R. F. Gilmour, and D. P. Zipes, “Depressant effect of magnesium on early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity induced by cesium, quinidine, and 4-aminopyridine in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers,” American Heart Journal, vol. 118, no. 3, pp. 458–466, 1989.
23. Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) Trial Investigators. Early administration of intravenous magnesium to high-risk patients with acute myocardial infarction in the Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) Trial: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360:1189.
24. S. G. Priori, C. Blomstrom-Lundqvist, A. Mazzanti et al., “2015 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death,” Europace, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 1601–1687, 2015.
Authors
Ardahanli, I. ., Akyuz, O. ., & Ozkan, H. I. . (2020). Cardıac Arrhythmıas and Magnesıum. Journal of Medical Care Research and Review, 3(2), 343–346. https://doi.org/10.15520/mcrr.v3i2.88
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